科研聚焦：2019新型冠状病毒 (2019-nCoV)
病毒概况
新型冠状病毒(简称新冠病毒)，世界卫生组织(WHO)将其命名为2019-nCoV，其中n代表novel(新的)，CoV是冠状病毒coronavirus的缩写。它与造成严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS，俗称“非典”)的病原体一样，都属于冠状病毒，但两者并不相同。
2019-nCoV感染会引起严重的呼吸系统疾病，类似于严重的急性呼吸系统综合症，症状包括发烧、咳嗽和气短等。
共同战疫
在此，我们精选了MDPI各期刊最新发表的有关新型冠状病毒的研究论文，以帮助大家快速直接获取最新的数据信息及研究动态。
Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV
冠状病毒的回归：2019-nCoV
From: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA.
Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA.
北卡罗莱纳大学全球公共卫生学院流行病学系的Lisa E. Gralinski教授及德克萨斯大学医学院人类感染与免疫研究所的Vineet D. Menachery教授针对此次新型冠状病毒作出评述，与曾在中国肆虐的SARS病毒做出比较，从其起源、病毒基因组序列、传播方式和社交媒体的作用等方面阐释了此次病毒与SARS的异同。
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The Extent of Transmission of Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China, 2020
2020年新型冠状病毒在中国武汉的传播范围
From: Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan.
CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan.
日本北海道大学医学院的Hiroshi Nishiura教授及其研究团队针对此次新型冠状病毒，从潜伏周期和人口流动两方面开展研究，使用最大似然法估算出发病率，并提出发布更详细的流行病学数据有利于对此次疫情做出更精准的评估。
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Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
2020年1月上半月中国未报告的新型冠状病毒 (2019-nCoV) 病例数估算：早期爆发的数据驱动模型分析
From: JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
Shenzhen Research Institute of Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China.
Michigan Institute for Data Science, University of Michigan, USA.
School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China.
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, China.
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huaiyin Normal University, China.
School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China.
Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, China.
香港中文大学JC公共卫生及基层医疗学院的Shi Zhao博士及其研究团队通过指数增长对2019年12月1日至2020年1月24日在中国大陆地区2019-nCoV病例的流行曲线进行了建模，以SARS和MERS-CoV作为参考，用最大似然数估算未报告病例。
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Risk Management Analysis for Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China
来自中国武汉的新型冠状病毒的风险管理分析
From: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Cyprus.
Center for Research and Innovation in Business Sciences and Information Systems, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal.
Rattanakosin International College of Creative Entrepreneurship, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Thailand.
Discipline of International Business, University of Sydney, Australia.
HKSYU Real Estate and Economics Research Lab, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, China.
Wolfson College, Oxford University, UK.
Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, UK.
School of Life Science, Shanxi University, China.
Department of Business Strategy and Innovation, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Australia.
International Engineering and Technology Institute, China.
Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China.
Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Canada.
塞浦路斯欧洲大学的Xiao-Guang Yue教授及其研究团队针对此次新型冠状病毒可能会产生的社会影响进行分析，从风险预警与识别、风险监测与分析、风险管理与处理等方面，提出相应的解决方案和建议，包括加强机构合作，并向国家和国际决策者提供信息等。
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Emerging Viruses without Borders: The Wuhan Coronavirus
新型病毒无国界：来自武汉的冠状病毒
From: Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, USA.
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, USA.
Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, USA.
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA.
俄亥俄州立大学传染病研究所的Shan-Lu Liu教授和Linda Saif教授表达了对于新型冠状病毒国际传播的担忧，呼吁应公布更详细的相关数据，并对中美两国针对新出现的病毒和传染病进行跨国界的深入研究做出了展望。
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截止至2月4日12时，中国境内确诊病例20471个，疑似病例23214个。除中国外，目前有23个国家已经发现新型冠状病毒，境外累积确诊病例108个。
世界卫生组织(WHO)已经将此次疫情列为“国际公共卫生紧急事件” (Public Health Emergencies of International Concern, PHEIC)。
随着疫情的不断蔓延升级，平时我们应该如何做好防护工作，以减少感染的可能性呢？
预防新型冠状病毒肺炎小贴士
1
保持手卫生。从公共场所返回后、接触公共物品后、咳嗽及脱口罩后、饭前便后、接触脏物后，取洗手液或肥皂用流水洗手。
2
保持室内空气流畅。外出佩戴口罩，避免到封闭、空气不流通的公众场所和人流集中的地方。
3
注意咳嗽礼仪。咳嗽和打喷嚏时用纸巾或者屈肘遮掩口鼻，防治飞沫传播。不要打完喷嚏后揉眼睛或接触粘膜部位。
4
居家消毒。可选用84消毒液、漂白粉或其他含氯的消毒粉、泡腾片，使用时配置成有效浓度大于等于500 mg/L的溶液擦拭或浸泡消毒。但氯己定不能有效灭活新冠状病毒。
引用来源：张文宏. 张文宏教授支招防控新型冠状病毒 (电子版). 上海科学技术出版社: 上海, 中国, 2020.
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